[codebutler]

Yes, ISIS uses SIM applets: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isis_(mobile_payment_system)

Google Wallet uses the same type of applets but stored in the phone's SE rather than the SIM card.

[e12e]

I know Telenor in Norway provides a service called BankID that is tied to Telenor SIM cards -- but I don't know anything about the implementation details (or how they've managed to lock the other providers out of the game).

BankID is a centralized service for authentication used by banks, and the "other" implementation is based on a (browser) java applet.