[cantos]

It bothers me that finding someone's location is such a problem since the technology exists to do it. How much would it cost to track a boat by GPS? Search and rescue missions over ocean must cost a fortune. Why don't governments subsidize the cost of GPS tracking?

[jlgreco]

This is what you are looking for: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_Identification_System Many of these do not transmit particularly far (especially horizontally). Class B's, like you might expect on a personal ship, only broadcast at two watts.

You have to keep in mind though that for all of our advancements, the ocean is still a fundamentally hostile environment. One rogue wave takes your ship out and by the time that search and rescue people can be in the area any survivors could potentially be hundreds of miles away. They had a satellite phone with them, so I am inclined to think that they also had a AIS transponder, but these sorts of situations are difficult regardless.

[pampa]

AIS is for traffic control mostly. What you are really looking for is an EPIRB http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Distress_radiobeacon#EPIRBs_.28...

It is standard equipment on an oceangoing boat.

[gonzo]

And they had one, albeit not the type that goes off if submerged.

[rorrr2]

While GPS works nearly everywhere, there's no simple affordable system to transmit your location.

Oceans are huge, and even sattelite transmitters don't cover everything. Example:

http://www.gpstrackersandmore.com/spot2-gps-tracker

http://www.findmespot.eu/en/index.php?cid=102

Even if something like that worked perfectly, oceans are extremely dangerous. A huge wave can destroy even a large sailboat in seconds.