[socialist_coder]

That's messed up. "Having" should only be used for filters on the output aggregate functions, and "where" should be used for filters on the input row data. If mysql lets you use "having" when you mean "where", that is unfortunate.

example:

    select count(1) cnt, department
    from sales
    where department_id in (1, 2, 3, 4, 5)
    group by department
    having count(1) >= 100;

So, it filters out all the input rows to only those department ids, and then it filters out the aggregate output rows to only those with a count() of 100 or more.

This is how Oracle and MS-SQL server work.