[BostX]

I think I solved that problem quite elegantly :) However I still have a small TODO regarding printing from cygwin:

    set encoding=utf-8
    " TODO check if printing of utf-8 chars works with 'set fileencoding=utf-8'
    set fileencoding=utf-8


    " {{{ Diacritic characters: <Leader>char (keyboard switching doesn't work in cygwin)
    " Use the same keys as on a keyboard
    inoremap <Leader>; ö
    inoremap <Leader>: ö
    inoremap <Leader>' ä
    inoremap <Leader>" Ä
    inoremap <Leader>[ ü
    inoremap <Leader>{ Ü
    inoremap <Leader>- ß

    " Comment/Uncoment following as you need:
    "inoremap <Leader>`A Á
    "inoremap <Leader>`Ae Ä
    "inoremap <Leader>`C Č
    "inoremap <Leader>`D Ď
    "inoremap <Leader>`E É
    "inoremap <Leader>`I Í
    "inoremap <Leader>`Ll Ĺ
    "inoremap <Leader>`L Ľ
    "inoremap <Leader>`N Ň
    "inoremap <Leader>`O Ó
    "inoremap <Leader>`Ou Ô
    "inoremap <Leader>`R Ŕ
    "inoremap <Leader>`S Š
    "inoremap <Leader>`T Ť
    "inoremap <Leader>`U Ú
    "inoremap <Leader>`Y Ý
    "inoremap <Leader>`Z Ž
    "inoremap <Leader>`a á
    ""inoremap <Leader>` ä " defined already
    "inoremap <Leader>`c č
    "inoremap <Leader>`z ž
    "inoremap <Leader>`e é
    "inoremap <Leader>`i í
    "inoremap <Leader>`l ľ
    "inoremap <Leader>`n ň
    "inoremap <Leader>`o ó
    "inoremap <Leader>`ou ô
    "inoremap <Leader>`r ŕ
    "inoremap <Leader>`s š
    "inoremap <Leader>`t ť
    "inoremap <Leader>`u ú
    "inoremap <Leader>`y ý
    "inoremap <Leader>`z ž
    " }}}