[Jare]

By 'processing' I mean the Node application has received the request and has not yet sent the response, i.e. the connection is still alive. 'synchronized' has no bearing here. If the request processing is purely CPU-bound with no async operations then only one request will be processed at any time, otherwise Node will happily process up to thousands of requests simultaneously. This is the ideal use case for Node. It should be trivial to log the amount of simultaneous requests being processed.

According to Heroku docs, Cedar routers do not do any queuing and just serve requests immediately to any random dyno. They are pretty clear on this in multiple places, specifically talking about concurrent requests in Node. They also mention a 'routing mesh', which suggests there are many routers doing their thing. But that header you see maybe not be relevant to Cedar, just like the other header 'X-Heroku-Queue-Depth' should not apply to Cedar either.