It's hard to beat patio11's great blog post on the subject: http://www.kalzumeus.com/2012/01/23/salary-negotiation/

I'll also add this for inspiration; it's the story of one woman's success at the negotiating table after going outside of her own comfort zone: http://www.women2.com/getting-hired-as-a-new-female-develope...

The Noel Smith Wenkel Salary Negotiation Method

http://infohost.nmt.edu/~shipman/org/noel.html