[yuchi]

Number 2 is simply misleading. It doesn't take in consideration HTML 5 Document Outline speification. It's not enough anymore to simply use h1-6 accordingly. You must take the whole document landing marks sructure in account (`article`, `section` etcetera.)

Number 8 is not completely correct anymore. Javascript was recently included in the accessible tecnologies. Screen readers nowadays do own a DOM and a full rendering stack. ARIA, in fact, dictates a lot of interesting accessibility states and tools. That said, I do not push forward the use of javascript for structural functionalities, the rule that states that "Javascript is an enhancement" still works and will always work, but excluding enhancements for accessibility is naïve as far as the naïvete of the implementation.

[gilrain]

Not really misleading: most screen readers aren't yet using the HTML5 Document Outline algorithm, so for accessibility you still have to rely on proper h1-6.

Ideally, you'd use them in combination for future proofing. It takes a little work, but you can arrive at the same general outline from both algorithms, since the new one ignores the ordinality of the h tag.

[steveax]

Screen readers will use whatever document outline that the browser renders, no?

[4lun]

In my experience many screen reader users aren't on the latest version of their accessibility software (cost and effort are among the reasons). So it's not uncommon for users to be using screen reader software that doesn't account for HTML5 elements.