It should be noted that Bezos also had significant bond issues that nobody thought they could make payments on. They were down in the junk bond basement. If he had failed to make those payments, Amazon would have become yet another failed dot com, just like eToys. (Which went out of business while making a profit - just not enough profit to make bond payments on excess warehousing purchased because they overestimated growth for 2000 after underestimating it in 1999.)