[alwa]

I mean

Some of these municipal water plants in the US are independently operated by municipalities of awfully few people and even fewer resources to spare, often serving relatively vast areas…

It’s probably not how you or I would set things up—especially after many years of warnings and slick best practices guides-but I can sympathize with “if it’s not broken…”-style maintenance, especially at the local level.

These things have lifespans measured in decades, and budgetary cycles to match… and for all of CISA’s good work (on limited budgets, and with power that’s more persuasive than fearsome) [0], it seems hard to get all 148,000 [1] system operators to afford to care, much less to afford to fix things—much less to check their work.

[0] https://www.cisa.gov/topics/industrial-control-systems , and https://www.gao.gov/assets/d24106576.pdf for an idea of the staffing they’re doing it with…

[1] https://www.epa.gov/dwreginfo/information-about-public-water...

[zahlman]

Who connected the systems to the Internet in the first place?

Why?

[M95D]

Most likely to cut costs and have one person remote-admin all pumps, valves, etc. instead of a crew for each location.

Why didn't they have firewalls, admin accounts, access rights, you know, proper security? They were glad it barely worked at all.