Here's another article I wrote that gives some intuition about the role of axioms in Lean: https://overreacted.io/the-math-is-haunted/
And here's a longer primer on Lean's syntax: https://overreacted.io/a-lean-syntax-primer/
Finally, if this got this even a little bit curious, I strongly encourage you to play the Natural Number Game: https://adam.math.hhu.de/#/g/leanprover-community/nng4
This is the best intro to Lean I know, plus it teaches you why a + b = b + a.
https://overreacted.io/a-social-filesystem/
induction b with d hd rw [add_zero, zero_add] rfl rw [add_succ, succ_add] rw [hd] rfl
https://overreacted.io/a-social-filesystem/