[culi]

Potatoes, tomatoes, bell peppers, corn, sweet potatoes, pumpkins/zucchinis/most squashes, cassava, the common bean (including pinto, black, kidney, etc), cassava, sunflowers, avocado, etc all didn't exist in European kitchens until the 1500s (and not really widespread until at least the 1600s).

Also, most of these crops were specifically domesticated in the Andes. If you go to the Andes today you can still find traditional potato farmers who take care of hundreds of varieties of potatoes of all different shapes and colors. Some are ornamental, some are edible raw, some are only used in soup, some are even used medicinally

Maybe surprising is that there are no native species of banana to "the New World" despite there being about 100 species and thousands of named cultivars.

[gwerbin]

Coffee is another interesting example in the other direction, it's so often associated with places like Colombia, Java, etc that people don't realize it's only native to Ethiopia, and that the majority of coffee consumed around the world today descends from one specific genetic lineage that was cultivated for a few centuries in Yemen.

[ignoramous]

Erstwhile seafaring powers went to war over trade routes for these. Surprising it isn't that well known.

[inglor_cz]

Most of that I knew, but I was surprised at the beans. I thought beans were a standard medieval fare.

It turned out that these were fava beans, which stem from the Old World.