[ptx]

Does Docker use user namespaces by default? Otherwise root in the container is actually root on the host, from what I read. Correct me if I'm wrong.

(Privileges are still limited by seccomp filters blocking some syscalls, and there's SELinux to block some other stuff, but it's still the actual root user without user namespaces, I think?)

[insanitybit]

That's right. Docker still runs without user namespaces by default, which means that root is the same user inside and outside of the container. This does open up attack surface and configuration footguns.

Confinement still leverages dropping some root caps, seccomp, various other namespaces, etc.

[inigyou]

I don't think this is true, otherwise you could just load a kernel module into the host kernel from a container.

[cyphar]

Root is not just one thing on modern Linux, almost all in-kernel privilege checks are now gated via (slightly) more fine-grained capabilities and the default capability set for Docker containers disallows module loading (CAP_SYS_MODULE) and the relevant syscalls (namely (f)init_module) are also blocked with seccomp.

People still should use user namespaces (and tools like Podman and Incus do by default) but basic stuff like that is not the reason.

[physicalecon]

It is very possible to load a kernel module into the host from a container.

https://stackoverflow.com/questions/33013539/docker-loading-...

[tjoff]

FYI, looks like you are shadowbanned.

[ptx]

Presumably Docker's seccomp profile [1] blocks the init_module system call which is used by insmod [2]. Although, looking at the default profile, it seems to explicitly allow it - but maybe only if you have CAP_SYS_MODULE, which I think means running Docker with "--cap-add=SYS_MODULE".

[1] https://docs.docker.com/engine/security/seccomp/

[2] https://tldp.org/HOWTO/Module-HOWTO/x627.html

[insanitybit]

There are a million ways to load a kernel module from inside of a container into the host kernel (ie: to trigger a load), but seccomp/ linux caps will block the direct ways (as another commenter notes).

[chlorion]

At least podman does if running rootless, I assume docker supports rootless operation as well.

Not sure about running rootful though. I don't really use rootful containers personally.