At least in the US, the dudes who pick you up in the ambulance do not have medical degrees. They have various certifications that are far less than med-school levels of debt.
I think part of this is the organization of the training. Cuba trains doctors for likely much less than $500k USD. Also, the training we give to a US solider is very expensive but we have "productionized" the process. The people who provide the training are employed by the military, the training is standardized, etc. Maybe a similar approach could work for other skills. Remember, our military trains surgical assistants and nuclear engineers! These are expensive degrees but they manage to do it.