[gf000]

Memory is memory, stack is not a unique hardware element. It just tends to be hot, but so can certain part of "the heap".

Of course this is a toy example, but were the compiler not smart enough (it is surely smart enough in this case) then the "too simple rust" version may actually be slower - it would allocate a Vec on the stack, but only a length, capacity and a pointer is stored there, the actual backing array is on the heap. Then it would create stuff on the stack, and copy over those bytes to the heap, object by object (it's a move).

Meanwhile the java version would have a continuous region of memory, next to it it would have objects, and it would just write pointers to said objects without moving/copying anything.

Surely enough rust is smart enough to optimize out this useless move in this case, but I think you are painting a way too simplified picture here.

[kibwen]

What tialaramex is saying is that, in the Java code, there will be a separate allocation for every `a_goose` that gets added to the ArrayList, whereas the Rust code only has a single allocation for the backing storage for the Vec (not counting the resizes that occur as the ArrayList/Vec grows (both cases have ways to preallocate the proper size to avoid any resizes)). The context of this subthread is just to explain why someone who has Java experience might be prone to overcorrection when it comes to avoiding heap allocations.

[gf000]

But one is a "malloc allocation" and the other is a special "java allocation".

The two are apples and oranges and it makes no sense to compare them -- the latter is severalfold cheaper. Of course this comes at a price (read/write barriers, complex runtime, etc).

> The context of this subthread is just to explain why someone who has Java experience might be prone to overcorrection when it comes to avoiding heap allocations

That's what I don't really understand: if anything, someone with Java experience should be prone to avoid heap allocation in something like Rust as it is more expensive on almost every other platform. This is what I'm talking about, and apparently I wasn't clear.