I don't understand what this has to do with strict mode? Yes those types should exist, but the workaround is to use an integer column for bool and a text column for date, whether or not you're using strict mode.
The point of strict mode is that the RDBMS performs data type validation when inserting/updating data. If you use a text column for storing dates, you can store any string in the column, not just valid dates. That's not strict.
A comment will do more than a nonsensical type which is not enforced: it won’t have the wrong affinity, it will spell out what the concrete type is, and there’s no limit to what it can specify.
Domain types would be the best fix, but I do not think legacy tables are the second best.