[nyanpasu64]

3.5mm, I now know why conventional consumer audio devices don't use mixers, they're a ground loop party

It's also that I don't know how to build a differential input not limited to power supply range, I do think they are sold and I have a mixer at home but it's somewhat bulky for my computer desks.

[olelele]

Got it. In my studio I have mostly unbalanced cables but the gear is all good quality so I never had any issues.

I think there are ICs for that specific purpose? If I understood your second paragraph correctly.

[olelele]

https://nl.farnell.com/en-NL/pulse/pls00547/ground-loop-isol...

Also this should work.

[lebuffon]

Back in the good old days of analog audio we made differential audio inputs with Iron and copper. :-)

Transformers are amazing at reducing common mode noise like induced hum, but rather expensive compared to the price of these boards.

Fun fact: The entire landline telephone system used to rely on balanced lines with transformers for in/out. The hum nulling is so good that trunk lines had no shielding inside buildings.

[olelele]

there are transformers and transformers.

A lundahl or murata, the kind used in Studer, Neve & Yamaha mixer preamps can cost a whole lot.

There are pretty decent cheap ones from china these days too.

[lebuffon]

And don't forget AMI Tabfunkenwerk from USA.

[ssl-3]

The best way to resolve ground loops is to... resolve the ground loops[1].

But to test, for you? You can try a regular/non-special, cheap ground loop isolator. The car audio section on Amazon is full of them. You ideally want one that just has transformers inside of it; these will be wound with a 1:1 ratio. They don't cost much; it's generally cheaper to buy them pre-assembled in a box with connectors than to pick up the parts individually and DIY it.

What you've read about transformers is correct: Transformers are imperfect. All of them are imperfect. They're measurably flawed. But if it works and you don't hear a problem with it, then: There is no problem.

Transformers are also the simplest way to add balanced audio inputs or outputs for...well, anything. :) Using different turns ratios (as DI boxes do) instead of 1:1 also allows conversion of impedance and voltage, which is useful.

(To cover another thing to mentioned in your writeup: HDMI audio is part of the video bitstream. It's not separate at all. So, yeah: The audio extractors that exist definitely operate on all of the bits. They don't get a choice in this matter. They also, ideally, intercept the EDID line so they can request only the formats that they can decode: This can be a fun way to encounter what I'd like to call "unexpected learning opportunities".)

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[1]: One of the things I used to do was help install residential AV systems for a small local shop. We'd sometimes have customers with surround systems that worked great for years, until they had us back to add a powered subwoofer. And then it was 60-cycle hum central.

In those cases, what I invariably found was this: The new subwoofer was the first component in the system that had a 3-prong plug, and this introduced a new connection to the home's electrical ground where there had been none before for that AV system.

Which should not ever be a problem at all, except: The cable TV or satellite line was grounded elsewhere (sometimes to a water pipe or whatever, sometimes a separate ground rod), and not bonded to the normal ground at all except through the AV system.

That's a violation according to the NEC, but it was often this way anyhow.

The correct fix was to eliminate the problem, and there's plenty of wrong and grey ways to do that... but the Right Way to eliminate it is to call the TV service provider and throw a fit until they finally send someone out to make their ground connection something other than illegal. :)

After that, the hum is gone (and the AV system is also better-protected against lightning damage, but that's a different topic).