[speak_on]

As I responded below, you are confusing math with physical reality. A true 44.1 kHz converter can't realistically capture frequencies ~18-20 kHz due to the limitations of filters used in the process. A perfect lowpass brick-wall filter just does not exist - they all introduce artifacts, which a trained ear can identify. You don't need to be a dog to hear the difference, just someone who does not assume that Nyquist theorem can be magically applied in the real world (and, ideally, someone who utilizes high quality converters with oversampling).

[Blackthorn]

That extra 4.1 khz sample rate is for headroom for a low pass filter (and not necessarily a brick wall one). Leftovers or any such artifacts are below the noise floor, which is also an important part of the physical reality.

Would be happy to see an actual, real study to prove that humans can notice, but to my knowledge none exist that confirm they can. Not even any on teenagers or younger (the only group that can even hear close up 20khz).

[vor_]

Is there evidence that a trained ear can reliably perceive these artifacts in a blind test of converters? I'd be interested in reading those links since converters typically oversample into the mHz range. At 11.29 mHz (256x 44.1 mHz), Nyquist will be at 5.64 mHz. Even the cheapest consumer converters are performing this type of oversampling.

[speak_on]

If you are looking for studies, this one comes to mind: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/289039184_The_audib...

A quick search returned this PDF with a nice diagram of what aliasing looks like: https://download.tek.com/document/76W_30631_0_HR_Letter.pdf

To draw a design parallel: pixel-perfect design isn't something we are born with, noticing tiny details is a developed skill.

And yes, you are on point: oversampling is used extensively, but this just points at the exact issue: Nyquist theorem gave us a math algorithm, we still need to account for the electronic component imperfections. And then we are entering a different space of quality/precision/psychoacoustics/perception/etc. Meaning, not all converters, not all pre-amps, not all mics "sound" the same, even when they use same types of components on paper.

[vor_]

Oh, dear, that AES 2014 paper from Meridian (which was trying to push its controversial proprietary MQA audiophile system the same year) was widely criticized on audio forums when it came out, ranging from the rectangular dithering method to the use of a hard metal tweeter that could cause IM.

Do you have more convincing sources?

[speak_on]

I don't. Do you? I am not a researcher. Saying that, do you have a double-blind study handy on MP3 256 vs 320 actual audible differences? If not, can you yourself hear the difference? If you can - it might be an illusion.