[encyclopedism]

Defining consciousness is one of the most difficult outstanding problems in the whole of science please see: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hard_problem_of_consciousness

An approach that might shed some light is instead to define what consciousness ISN'T. Naively let us say consciousness is NOT a large list of weights (i.e. an LLM).

The uncanny emergent ability depends entirely on training data. A mathematical model is used to match output against training data (via loss functions etc). The training data contains all the human ingenuity, logic, rational, patterns and features.

Try giving an LLM model the alphabet ALONE and see what it comes up with?