Dumping hot water into rivers harms ecosystems regardless of whether anyone happens to do it right now, and asking for a citation for that is such a WTF in and of itself we really shouldn't gloss over it.
I mean, "hot water" is a bit vague. What kind of temperature differentials are a problem? 0.01 degrees C 50 meters down stream I'm guessing isn't. 100 degrees C I'm assuming is super bad. What is the effect size? How much do we have to dump into a river must depend on the flow rate of the river, the dumping, the temperature of the river and the temperature of the dumped water, etc, etc.
And nothing at all is too stupid of a question to want an answer to. That way leads to people screaming at each other over social media instead of engaging with facts.
Can confirm : I'm reading this from France, we're in the 8th day of the meanest heatwave the country has known since records exist, and it's expected to last two more.
> capture heat directly at the source and transport it to outdoor dry coolers, essentially large radiator coils positioned outside the building.
The heat goes into the air