[gacgacgac]

You are misreading this sentence. This sentence is saying: "Using a constructed dataset of resumes, whose only difference was a name change, we would anticipate a system evaluating on qualifications to produce an equal distribution of candidates across names. Our observed result was highly unequal, and that warrants further investigation."

[_0ffh]

To me it appears as if the study using the constructed dataset was a completely different one than the one that was concerned with AI.

For the AI study real data from "3.4 million people who submit 4 million job applications to 1,700 job postings across 150 employers and 11 industry sectors" was used.