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> I am not talking about literally bruteforcing passwords (although LLMs are being used for that, too)

They are? Seems like a much worse way to brute force that a tight loop written in a compiled language.

[robocat]

PassGPT: Password Modeling and (Guided) Generation with Large Language Models

https://huggingface.co/papers/2306.01545

Although most activity is likely hidden (blackhat or state)