[kuhsaft]

The C# equivalent to Java ‘value class’ would be a class with a struct encapsulated for data. The data is flattened and allocated on the heap like Java. Similarly, escape analysis could stack allocate the class at runtime, and they can be scalarized like C# structs.

Java ‘value class’ only flattens if the total size of the class data fits within an atomic read/write op. You can force it to flatten, but you may have tearing like C# struct.

[kuhsaft]

Even closer would be a C# ‘readonly record struct’. Though, it would be allocated on the stack unless you box it.