"They" didn't create them. They laid out the bait - free APIs to do all sorts of stuff, and lazy-ass programmers took the bait hook line and sinker without thinking through the consequences of everyone moving their sites into "the cloud." Or didn't care.
Lot of people need to look in the mirror on this one - from programmers to execs.
I wouldn’t blame programmers. Free APIs and services were a great way to get bootstrapped, and nobody really understood why they existed: an extended period of low interest rates after the 2007/2008 crisis. The bait-and-switch wasn’t a conspiracy, it was a natural consequence of the unusual financial environment (which itself was a kick-the-can “solution” to cover up the damage caused by the GFC).
Almost none of us were deeply familiar with how rates could affect the availability and pricing of services, and the implications for infrastructure. Many of us understand this now, but too late—it’s unlikely that we see rates that low again in our lifetimes.
You might not have used one, but there have long been parking meters / payment kiosks that take charge cards and even cash. Neither an app nor a human attendant is required. It bugs me that these are slowly being replaced by smartphone app systems.
It's so hard to build anything big and durable because they've created these steep gradients.