[SpecStudioHN]

A necessary part of this semantic ontological layer would be an ontological model of the human being based on consciousness. The prevailing materialistic/behaviouristic model only describes human behaviour, missing the internal states in which that behaviour arises. While consciousness cannot be measured, everyone knows empirically that it exists. After all, if you were not conscious, you would not be reading this. So consciousness and its associated phenomena are part of the ground or substrate of all other phenomena. Therefore, it must be part of any comprehensive ontology.