Apparently some phone companies can/will provide you with aux SIMs, which allows two phone to share a number, or so I've been lead to believe. I can't find a single provider here in Denmark that will issue me such a SIM. Kinda sad about that, because it would solve most of my issues.
I need a smartphone for a few things every so often, but most of the time a dumb phone is perfectly fine.
I do not, the gym phone has its own SIM. I have it running a cheap data-only eSIM from esimdb.com
If you need synchronized phone / text messages, I suggest Google Voice. When anyone rings your (free) Google Voice number, it will forward the call to multiple phone numbers. It will ring as a regular phone call, not as an app notification. However, text messages appear as app notifications.
I need a smartphone for a few things every so often, but most of the time a dumb phone is perfectly fine.