[graypegg]

I don't think I've ever known of a captcha that handles the actual result decision in the front end. It's universally just the javascript required for some fancy puzzle UI, which forwards the state to some other endpoint to determine where you're redirected to (CF turnstile) or what signed token should be included in the form request (reCAPTCHA)

[kjok]

I should have been clearer and specific: state management is done on the backend, but collecting behavioral biometrics and device fingerprint is done using JavaScript, which can be manipulated.