You don't have to be an expert in TypeScript to know that the TypeScript compiler just strips the types from the code and leaves the rest as-is (if you are targeting a somewhat modern JS engine). The runtime performance of a TypeScript program is the same as that of the equivalent JavaScript program.
But of course, a TypeScript program could be much slower than a different JavaScript program, as is probably happening in this case.
I agree with others that the difference in results between JavaScript and TypeScript makes the quality of this paper highly suspect.
It isn't. Typescript is basically javascript with type annotations. There is a shorthand for class member initialisation and for defining enums, but that's basically it. There are no extra safety checks inserted. You get compile-time typechecking and nothing else.
But of course, a TypeScript program could be much slower than a different JavaScript program, as is probably happening in this case.
I agree with others that the difference in results between JavaScript and TypeScript makes the quality of this paper highly suspect.