It's the writing of someone who has been writing articles like this for decades now, instead of your average blogger or journalist. Just enjoy the difference.
It's awfully literary. It reads like James Joyce attempting to convey advice about effective leadership for technical teams. In my opinion, it's an obnoxious, pretentious approach to writing about practical subjects, but I may be in the minority.
I think it's just a characteristic voice. Just like you can tell Vonnegut, DFW, or Palahniuk from a couple paragraphs, Rands developed a pretty distinct sound.
3-5, usually. Tuesday is used as a placeholder for "generic day like any other". Monday & Friday might be special, or they might not. But Tuesday, Wednesday, and Thursday are generic & interchangeable: you're not catching up after a weekend, and there's a work day the next day so there will be time to catch issues. They're Tuesdays in spirit, if not in fact.