[lxgr]

What do you mean by card company?

The cardholder’s contractual relationship is always with the card issuer, which is usually a bank or some other financial institution. This is no different in the US. If something on your bill seems off, you contact the one that issued it, i.e. your bank.

[soco]

Hmm nevertheless my cases were handled by Viseca, not by my issuing bank. I don't know why, is it because of my bank, or my country, but yeah it seems to be different.

[lxgr]

Banks can (and often do) outsource chargebacks to their processor or another third party, but never the card network (since that’ll be the entity ruling on the case in the very unlikely case it goes into arbitration).

Viseca seems like it might actually be an issuer directly (it’s also a common model that banks only act as program managers, delegating actual issuance to a different entity) but I’m not familiar with them.