[retired]

Not exactly. The Netherlands has an identificatieplicht (an obligation to identify yourself), not a formal draagplicht (an obligation to physically carry ID at all times).

Police may require identification only in specific situations connected to their duties, not arbitrarily. If you cannot show valid ID when requested, you can still be fined or taken to a police station to establish your identity, so in practice most people do carry ID anyway.

The distinction is historically sensitive in the Netherlands because compulsory identification documents were heavily associated with Nazi occupation policies during World War II.