Nothing works on Android. Not even for basic app data. The biggest problem is keystore keys and e.g. bank authenticator apps tied to them.
AFAIK iPhone backups, if restored on the exact same device (i.e. a CPU with the correct decryption key embedded in it) will restore almost everything, including authenticator apps.
The only realistic option for Android is a separate "burner" device.
Google cloud backup has never done this for me. It seems like it'll restore a whole lot of stuff, but details like getting my Nova Launcher screen back (version pinned to before it was sold - alternatives just aren't good enough yet) or a bunch of the little logins and details has never done it for me.
AFAIK iPhone backups, if restored on the exact same device (i.e. a CPU with the correct decryption key embedded in it) will restore almost everything, including authenticator apps.
The only realistic option for Android is a separate "burner" device.