[pixel_popping]

Not from the US, but is a green card actually necessary to work there after studying? afaik student visa is different from green card right?

Most countries, you get a visa of some kind but you have no way to permanent residency at all unless you marry but you can keep staying there somewhat permanently.

[arccy]

most countries actually let you apply for permanent residency once you've hit a set number of years, usually around 5 or 10, on work visas