[pjmlp]

Graal was never designed as OpenJDK replacement, it is the evolution of MaximeVM, and their main customers, meaning who pays the team salaries are the Oracle database and cloud teams.

In that regard they are doing pretty well.

Plus all the folks that never paid for ExcelsiorJET, JRockit, PTC, Aicas, and many others of which only PTC and Aicas survive, now have in Graal their gratis AOT compiler.

Alongside OpenJ9 (which is more like what Leyden is trying to be), and the one on the box shipped alongside ART.

Ruby on top of JVM has a few interwined stories since the days Sun embraced it on Netbeans, and it suffers from the same issues as PyPy regarding adoption, it suffices not to be 100% compatible with whatever crazy extensions written in C exist out there.

Microsoft was probably more clever giving up on IronPython and IronRuby, and keeping the DLR infrastructure.

[p_l]

In my experience JRuby is way more viable than Jython ever was, one because Ruby native modules were more often thin wrappers, two because Ruby has sorta-standard in form of test suite (which AFAIK evolved from one that was necessary for ISO Ruby effort), and established somewhat case of using different implementations..

And C extensions never got as crazy as in python, and some major ones either made Java backends or switched from MRI embedding to FFI