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by saagarjha 27 days ago
> The reason for the hack is that very early C compilers just always spill, so you can write MMIO driver code by setting a pointer to point at the MMIO hardware and it actually works because every time you change x the CPU instruction performs a memory write.

Source?
2 comments
pjc50 27 days ago
This is one of those "everyone doing this kind of work knows" that's rather hard to source, but: this is basically the point of volatile. Especially for reads rather than writes, where you may want to read some location that is being written into by a different piece of hardware.

People used to use it for thread synchronization before proper memory barrier primitives (see https://mariadb.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/11/2017-11-Memor... ) were available. It was not entirely reliable for this purpose.

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tialaramex 26 days ago
Yeah. I could have sworn that I've read somewhere an anecdote from the Bell Labs era in which this comes up, but I can't find it and might be misremembering. The whole volatile keyword doesn't exist in K&R C as released, there are no "type qualifiers" at all in that language, both volatile and const are introduced in C89.

Duff's famous Device, often misunderstood as some insight about memory copying or something silly, was an MMIO hack, it doesn't look like an MMIO hack to us because it doesn't say volatile, but that's because Duff's compiler did not have that keyword, the reason Duff doesn't change the destination pointer is that it's pointing at hardware and the hardware isn't going anywhere, writing different bytes to the same address is I/O.

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pjmlp 26 days ago
No idea about volatile, but I do remember function prototypes and const came as influence from C++, well CFront.
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skillina 27 days ago
Source for what? The volatile keyword is explicitly telling the compiler "don't optimize read/write to this memory location". That's the whole point. Its use for manipulating hardware registers is covered in any intro embedded systems course. I don't know the history of C compilers but it would seem reasonable to assume that compilers started out plainly translating the C to machine code. Optimization would have happened later as the compilers became more mature.

https://www.gnu.org/software/c-intro-and-ref/manual/html_nod...

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saagarjha 26 days ago
Source for "compilers basically always did volatile since everything was always spilled".
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