[famouswaffles]

I think videos are a unique thing computers offer. Books I understand. You have them digital or not. But a video ? Without a computer, there is no video. You were present for the initial lecture or you weren't and that's it.

[tuna74]

There were videos* before computers.

*Not really, but you could film stuff and display it.

[bobdvb]

Film is a chemical medium for storage of images.

Video is an electronic process for capturing images and displaying them.

Before digital video there was analogue video, and analogue video was perfectly possible without digital sampling, or computers. Heck, video pre-dates silicon chips and used to be done with CRTs and valves.

[mrandish]

> Without a computer, there is no video.

There's nothing about video that uniquely requires computers. Maybe you meant "streaming video"?

I realize you're probably under 30 and don't remember "ye olden times" but nearly 90% of U.S. homes and every school had an analog VCR long before they had a computer. Widespread consumer video formats included VHS, DVD, Blu-Ray, Laserdisc, etc. I still buy some movies I care about on UHD discs and watch them in a dedicated Blu-ray/UHD player. Even the 'smart' TVs and streaming sticks most people watch streaming channels like Netflix on aren't functionally computers (no meaningful user accessible local storage, input like keyboard/mouse, CLI or windowing GUI).

Personally, I learned an enormous amount from video before I ever touched a computer. In elementary school we learned from 16mm films almost weekly and watched space launches and Carl Sagan's Cosmos series on TV (it was rebroadcast in the mornings specifically for schools). My junior high had a television in every classroom and some classes were planned around shows on PBS, NASA channel, C-SPAN and BBC. In the late 80s there was thousands of hours of educational video programming sent via direct broadcast satellite to 18-inch dishes at schools. In the 90s every grade and subject had hundreds of interactive video DVDs in large notebooks (four discs to a page in plastic sleeves) and multiple DVD players per classroom.

The peak installed base of VCRs in the U.S. was in 1999. Streaming video wasn't common in consumer households until well into the 2000s, YouTube didn't even exist until 2005 and most people had never heard of it until 2007. In 2010 Netflix mailed DVDs in envelopes to 25M homes every week. They didn't even offer a streaming plan until 2011.

As someone who's spent most of my adult life thinking about video technology, with patents ranging from analog days to the streaming tech you use today, computers have been extremely disappointing in terms of enabling any unique "learning from video" features that are computer-specific. In the 90s we realized that computers could make digitized video random access letting us sequence it non-linearly to make it interactive in response to user input. We knew that computer-enabled interactivity, responsiveness and real-time adaptation to learner progress would be incredible for improving video education. Yet the vast majority video content available online today is still linear in form. Even video that's specifically educational is no more interactive or user responsive than a 90s DVD disc.

Sadly, only two things have really changed about consumer video in the last 30 years: quantity and distribution. There's much more video content and it's remotely accessible on-demand instead of being limited by broadcast channels and storage media. But that's far more about communication technologies like broadband than computer technologies. For a few years YouTube even had authoring features like interactive menus and conditional branching but removed them because it didn't increase ad revenue. There are a few dedicated video authoring platforms for education which can apply uniquely 'computer things' to video like dynamic scripting, conditional branching, viewer annotation and timecode-linked threaded Q&A. Unfortunately, such content is rarely found outside high-end corporate training and some university courses. But there are so many other ways we could combine the strengths of advanced wikis with interactive video. Today, the most the public sees is just an HTML link from a wiki to a video clip. Almost none of the learning features computing could uniquely bring to video are widely available to learners. Since ~90% of everyone already had access to linear video playback before they had access to a computer and most online video today is still primarily linear, in my opinion, there's still virtually no uniquely 'computer-enabled video' involved in learning. Computers haven't enabled much that's new in video - just much more, much cheaper and more convenient forms of what we could already do without a computer.

[bobdvb]

As a broadcast technology architect I agree with you a whole lot on the broader technology statements.

But as a former lecturer, I also think the promise of interactivity is dependent less on the tools than on the people. Authoring interactive learning materials is difficult and while that interactivity is engaging, it's not necessarily great at getting a density of information out there.

The Socratic method is great, but that level of interactivity presumes in advance that you know what questions the student will be asking, otherwise it's just a dumb gate. Branching stories for interactivity are highly labour intensive. I suppose if you use AI you could generate a massive number of videos to cover branching learning, but that's going to still be an intensive operation, especially if you're supervising that.