[nradov]

That same basic "payvider" business model has been around since Kaiser Permanente pioneered it in the 1940s. The problem isn't with the business model per se, but with consolidation that has effectively eliminated competition in some regions.

[anarticle]

How is the payvider model better for customers?

I see why it can reduce costs in a runaway cartel based system, but how does it prevent the two wolf scenario? (It's the same wolf in this scheme.)