[simonask]

Anything with a good, static type system will be an improvement, in my opinion. Types exist to encode invariants in an enforceable way, after all.

Rust is the gold standard among imperative languages, but it’s standard fare among functional languages such as Haskell, OCaml, F#. You can also get really far in C++ if you have the stomach for it.

[scared_together]

I have used Rust, Java and TypeScript before, so I understand that static typing is a major help.

But I don’t think types are really sufficient to solve the problem you identified earlier of understanding how “many small individually readable things interact with each other”. Maybe you meant that phrase in a different sense than I read it, but it seems to me that there are still a lot of small individually readable things to keep track of in Rust.