He certainly popularized it (maybe coined it), but I've seen a lot of organizations and developers repeat that mantra.
Even without the specific words, look to product teams debating tradeoffs of going to market vs. waiting for better security controls. They're pushing for faster product release every time, at pretty much every org.
Hackers were moving fast and breaking things first. Faster than any corporation in fact. We didn't notice because their computers weren't powering anything useful. How do you think projects like GNU happened?
I stand corrected! My memory is pretty vague on this, but I was pretty sure Joel had said something very close to this in one of his blog posts in the early 2000's, but it looks like Zuckerberg was the first one to use the phrase "move fast and break things":
Even without the specific words, look to product teams debating tradeoffs of going to market vs. waiting for better security controls. They're pushing for faster product release every time, at pretty much every org.