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Mathematical concepts are invented, but they live in a space of possible (conceivable) mathematical concepts, and we can only invent concepts from that selection of possible concepts. This can be reframed as a process of discovery regarding which conceptions are possible.

Furthermore, the results of theorems aren’t an invention, they are a discovery of what the base assumptions (axioms) logically entail. Finding out which theorems are true and provable is a discovery process. For example, the results of Gödel’s incompleteness theorems were a discovery. They weren’t invented, in the sense that the results couldn’t have been otherwise. We merely could have failed to discover them.

This also holds for physical inventions. You discover a working way to build some functioning mechanism. It’s a process of discovery of what is possible in the physical world.

Whether you portray somethings as a discovery or as an invention is more a matter of degree, a matter of from which angle one is looking at it.

The possible states of an LLM are finitely enumerable. The same likely holds for the possible states and configurations of a human brain, in approximation. Therefore there is only a finite set of possible ideas, thoughts, and conceptualizations an LLM or a human can have, and in principle they could be exhaustively enumerated and thus “discovered”.