[martheen]

Ah, so they're leaving the money on the table. I suppose they're worried about money laundering.

Indonesia's electronic wallet have two tiers, unverified and verified. You don't even need a bank account (because most people don't), just a local number (which even tourist can buy easily at airport), with the limitation on unverified tier is that you can only top it up (by cash if you don't have local bank account) and spend it on merchant, no receiving nor sending money. There's also transaction limit but most of the population won't cross that in normal days.

[cesarb]

The reason Pix needs a Brazilian bank account, is that at its core, it's just a bank transfer mechanism, like the older TED or DOC. Pix sends money from one bank account to another bank account. The main novelties are being instant, working 24h per day, and being able to use keys like a phone number or email as destinations (the Brazilian Central Bank has a central database which maps these keys to the bank account numbers).