[mrob]

Character counting errors are a side effect of tokenization, which is a performance optimization. If we scaled the hardware big enough we could train on raw bytes and avoid it.

[teiferer]

No, tokenization is not the only reason. A next-word predictor has fundamentally a hard time executing algorithms, even as simple as counting.

[mitthrowaway2]

Counting is one of the algorithms that can be expressed by a RASP program, which transformers closely approximate.

[MarkusQ]

Close famously counts in horseshoes and hand grenades. Algorithms, just as famously, are a domain where off-by-one is still wrong.