If you're rich enough, you can buy a small local business, like a local pizzeria, and hire x amount of people or invest x amount of money and you get a permanent residence visa through investment. This path is available in pretty much countries including the US.
Some of the more corrupt ones offer straight up money for citizenship deals. Citizenship not permanent residence, meaning you get that country's passport.
I think more than one. I think Portugal's program is over but you can still do it in others (Greece? Romania? I can't remember). You can do it in the USA too.