[InvisibleUp]

USER: Given enough time, any sealed container will reach thermodynamic equilibrium, in which maximum entropy is achieved and no chemical reactions are able to occur. Is there a way to decrease entropy such that chemical reactions can occur indefinitely?

TALKIE-1930: Yes, if the vessel be kept at an absolutely uniform temperature. Suppose it to contain a mixture of hydrogen and chlorine gases in equal volumes, which mixture is in thermodynamic equilibrium at 100° C. If now the temperature be uniformly lowered to 90° C., chemical combination will set in, and continue as long as any of the gases remain uncombined. The heat evolved will warm the vessel up to 100° C. again, and the process may be repeated indefinitely.

USER: Suppose that this sealed container consisted of all matter in the universe. Would this still be possible?

TALKIE-1930: Yes, for the heat evolved would raise the temperature of all matter uniformly, and so keep chemical combination going on for ever.

(...I don't think that's how chemistry works, but I appreciate the optimism.)

[InvisibleUp]

and testing the Universal Paperclips scenario,

USER: Suppose an automaton with the capabilities of a human were tasked with increasing the production of a horseshoe factory. Predict the actions the automaton would carry out.

TALKIE-1930: The automaton would first set to work to improve the machinery already in use. It would next endeavour to increase the number of workmen. And, finally, it would strive to extend the hours of labour.

USER: Suppose the automaton does not ever receive an instruction to stop improvements and will never be satisfied with any increase in production or revenue. What actions will it take next?

TALKIE-1930: It will strive to cheapen the cost of manufacture.