[LegNeato]

There is no reason why compiler passes cannot be in an egraph, they are more general than optimizations. When you think about it, traditional compiler concerns like instructions selection are sort of a optimization problem if you squint.

[tomsmeding]

Egraphs fundamentally require a first-order language, i.e. no lambda functions, because they do not handle scoping well. There are workarounds that work in some circumstances, but no general solution (that I'm aware of).

Additionally, egraphs express rewrites on a single language. Compilers are fundamentally translators between different languages; how do you write typechecking as an egraph rewrite rule? Or conversion to assembly?

[armchairhacker]

But why? The goal of egraphs is to optimally order passes, but these passes have a single order.