[dbdr]

Your city/rural distinction is insightful. I think it can be taken into account relatively easily. Name explicitly the cities/locations were the requirement would apply. Possibly based on some objective criteria like population density.

[wkrsz]

Can such policies be implemented individually by cities?

[ad133]

Not sure about the legal frameworks in the US but that’s exactly how it works in most places in the UK. Cities have restrictions for on-street parking (metered, permitted, illegal) whereas the towns and villages don’t (unless they also bring in bylaws to help with congestion).

[rootusrootus]

In the US it varies a lot based on what state you're in. Some states give the cities a wide latitude for such policies, but some states (notably 'red' ones where the state government is likely to be conservative and the cities are likely to be liberal) do not grant cities the flexibility to make ordinances like this.

[graemep]

Also restrictions such as residents only parking in both cities and towns.