[joefourier]

In late 2021, GLaM had 1.2T parameters. It's difficult to find much use of it in the wild and while the benchmarks it uses are rather outdated, it has a HellaSwag score of 76.6% and WinoGrande of 73.5%. GPT3 had 64.3% and 70.2%.

Meanwhile, Gemma 2 9B, a model from July 2024 with 133x fewer parameters than GLaM, scores 82% and 80.6%. Hellaswag and WinoGrande aren't used in modern benchmarks, probably because they're too easy and largely memorised at this point.

And GPT-4 had 1.8T parameters sure, but it's noticeably worse than any modern model a fraction of the size, and the original incarnation was ridiculously expensive per token. And in any case, its number of parameters was only possible due using mixture-of-experts, which I would definitely classify as a sophisticated architecture as opposed to just throwing more parameters at a vanilla transformer. Even in 2021 GLaM was a MoE because the limits of scaling dense transformers had already been hit.