When you activate it you agree that your voice input is sent to Apple. As far as I understand this project runs fully locally. Up to you to decide for whatever suits your needs best.
"When you use Dictation, your device will indicate in Keyboard Settings if your audio and transcripts are processed on your device and not sent to Apple servers. Otherwise, the things you dictate are sent to and processed on the server, but will not be stored unless you opt in to Improve Siri and Dictation."
And:
"Dictation processes many voice inputs on your Mac. Information will be sent to Apple in some cases."
In conclusion... I think they're trying to cover all their bases, but it sounds like things are processed locally as long as the hardware can handle it.
No, that is not correct. It is running one hundred percent local. You can try it by turning off internet on your phone and try running it then. However, the built in model isn't as good, so this is probably better.
As far as I understand Apple’s voice model runs locally for most languages.
Siri commands can be used for training, but is also executed locally and sent to Apple separately (and this can be disabled).