[tekacs]

This is interesting but I wonder if you would accept that this also has the downside of moving at the speed of humans.

In a situation where you're building, I find the orphan rule frustrating because you can be stuck in a situation where you are unable to help yourself without forking half of the crates in the ecosystem.

Looking for improvements upstream, even with the absolute best solutions for option 1, has the fundamental downside that you can't unstick yourself.

[tekacs]

This is also where I find it surprising that this article doesn't mention Scala at all. There are MANY UX/DX challenges with the implicit and witness system in Scala, so I would never guess suggest it directly, but never have I felt more enabled to solve my own problems in a language (and yes the absolute most complex, Haskell-in-Scala libraries can absolutely an impediment to this).

With AI this pace difference is even more noticeable.

I do think that the way that Scala approaches this by using imports historically was quite interesting. Using a use statement to bring a trait definition into scope isn't discussed in any of these proposals I think?

[tadfisher]

The problem is existentials, or rather the existence of existentials without the ability to explicitly override them. Even in Haskell, overriding typeclass instances requires turning off orphan checks, which is a rather large hammer.

So once you've identified this, now you might consider the universe of possible solutions to the problem. One of those solutions might be removing existentials from your language; think about how Scala would work if implicits were removed (I haven't used Scala 3, maybe this happened?). Another solution might be to decouple the whole concept of "existential implementations of typed extension points" from libraries (or crates, or however you compile and distribute code), and require bringing instances into scope via imports or similar.

Two things are true for sure, though: libraries already depend on the current behavior, whether that makes sense or not; and forcing users to understand coherence (which instance is used by which code) is almost always a giant impediment to getting users to like your language. Hence, "orphan rules", and why everyone hates Scala 2 implicits.

[tekacs]

Yep, familiar with all of this.

That said, I would love to see a solution in my favorite class of solution: where library authors can use and benefit from this, but the average user doesn't have to notice.

I tend to think that the non-existential Scala system was _so close_, and that if you _slightly_ tweaked the scoping rules around it, you could have something great.

For example, if - as a user - I could use `.serialize(...)` from some library and it used _their_ scoped traits by default, but if I _explicitly_ (named) imported some trait(s) on my side, I could substitute my own, that'd work great.

You'd likely want to pair it with some way of e.g. allowing a per-crate prelude of explicit imports that you can ::* import within the crate to override many things at once, but... I think that with the right tweaks, you could say 'this library uses serde by default, but I can provide my own Serializer trait instead... and perhaps, if I turn off the serde Cargo feature, even their default scoped trait disappears'.

[kelnos]

That was my first thought! I never had this problem with Scala (2.x for me, but I guess there's similar syntax/concepts in 3).

The article author does talk about naming trait impls and how to use them at call sites, but never seems to consider the idea that you could import a trait impl and use it everywhere within that scope, without extra onerous syntax.

Does this still solve the "HashMap" problem though? I guess it depends on when the named impl "binds". E.g. the named Hash impl would have to bind to the HashMap itself at creation, not at calls to `insert()` or `get()`. Which... seems like a reasonable thing?