[CamperBob2]

Like what?

[cgh]

New cryptography algorithms, particularly post-quantum cryptography

New zero-knowledge proofs

Video compression

And so forth.

[CamperBob2]

Those are all instances of reuse of existing techniques in new contexts. And when genuinely-new algorithms do arise from genuinely-new areas of study, it's easy enough to teach LLMs how to apply and deploy them.