[rvba]

Calling someone Sir or Madam also exists in English and is nothing special.

You left out most of the interesting things.

For example the vocative case is partially dissapearing. Someone from Finland can actually understand this topic, since Finnish has multiple cases - more than in Polish language (meanwhile English has one case and if we try very hard we can squeeze something similar to a case - so let's say it has two).

[herewulf]

> English has one case and if we try very hard we can squeeze something similar to a case - so let's say it has two

This isn't a correct way to describe English grammar. You can either say it has no cases or four cases with no inflections (because it definitely has subjects, objects, indirect objects, and possessives).

Presumably your native language doesn't inflect in the nominative or something like that and your English teacher once gave you your statement as a convenience fact, but the vast majority of native English speakers have never heard of grammatical case (ones who have, have typically studied inflected foreign languages). In Linguistics, it might be used to describe English and other uninflected languages (it depends).

[rvba]

Who / Whom

+ Who/ Whose

Are two examples of something that could be considered possesive case. Although those are more words that describe possession than the possesive case.

Still good example of words changing.

[jech]

> You left out most of the interesting things. For example the vocative case is partially dissapearing.

The grammar is changing in many ways (for example, the inanimate masculine is being replaced with the animated, kroić kotleta), but this was about honorifics.

[jacquesm]

In English you can use 'sir' as an insult, which is quite creative.

[pndy]

It's possible in Polish to use "pan" in vocative "panie" form with strong vocal emphasis not followed by name or last name, to give it more rude sounding - but it won't be an insult.

[jacquesm]

Yes, true, I've heard that, it's like putting emphasis on the fact that you want someone to pay attention or something like that. A bit like the guy saying 'Sir!' in the Blues Brothers restaurant scene but not quite the same.

[jech]

There's nothing more humiliating than a Warsaw taxi driver who looks at you as you try to work out how to operate the door handle and says "Panie!" with a left-bank accent.

[ahoka]

As hilariously portrayed in the indie game "Oh...Sir!! The Insult Simulator".